Chesapeake City, Virginia was an unincorporated town in Elizabeth City County, Virginia on the north side of Hampton Roads on the Virginia Peninsula from 1871 to 1900. In 1901, it became an incorporated town and was renamed Phoebus for its most prominent citizen, Harrison Phoebus.
In 1952, the incorporated town of Phoebus voted to become a portion of the independent city of Hampton, Virginia during a consolidation which included the rest of Elizabeth City County, forming a new much larger independent city which assumed the name of Hampton.
63 years later, about 20 miles away, the name of "Chesapeake" was also selected by voters for the new independent city formed by a consolidation of Norfolk County and the City of South Norfolk in South Hampton Roads, and the independent city of Chesapeake, Virginia came into being on January 1, 1963.
There is also Chesapeake City, Maryland.